Category Archives: Kid's Science

Articles about science, written for children.

Tech know – RFID tags

A RFID tagFrom household pets and tollways, through to goods in transit and railway cars, RFID tags are appearing in more places, making it easier to track and identify objects.

RFID, or radio frequency identification, tags are small electronic devices that contain information and can be scanned, a bit like a barcode. But unlike barcodes, RFID tags don’t need to be ‘seen’ by the scanner and multiple tags can scanned at once.

The technology behind RFID was first used in 1945 by Russian scientist Léon Theremin to create a listening ‘bug’ called The Thing. But it wasn’t until 1969, that US engineer Mario Cadullo designed and built the first RFID tag.

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Solar max!

Image of sun with a fiery Coronal Mass EjectionMost of the time the Sun is quiet, shining in space beaming out light and heat. But every eleven years it gets cranky – covered in dark spots and fiery eruptions. This is a time called solar maximum, or solar max for short.

The Sun, like all stars, is a big ball of plasma – mostly hydrogen and helium. Because the Sun is so big – 100 million times bigger than Earth – it has a lot of gravity. The gravity squeezes the plasma so hard that it gives off heat and light. Scientists call this nuclear fusion.

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How many solar systems are there in the Universe?

This artist's concept illustrates the idea that rocky, terrestrial worlds like the inner planets in our solar system, may be plentiful and diverse in the universe. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CaltechTwenty years ago, the answer this question was ‘only one that we know’. Most astronomers believed that the Sun was no different to most stars in the universe. So if we had a star with planets and moons – a solar system – than why don’t others.

In 1992, the first planet orbiting another star – sometimes called an exoplanet – was detected. Since then, astronomers have used larger telescopes and faster computers to find more than 450 exoplanets orbiting more than 300 stars.

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Sailing through space

An image of the Ikaros spacecraft unfurledA sail is something you’d expect to see on a boat in ocean, not in space. But that’s just what a Japanese spacecraft called Ikaros is using to fly through the solar system.

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How big is the universe?

Astronomers measure the distance to other galaxies by looking at their colour. The more red a galaxy is, the faster it is moving from us and the further it is away.

Another way to measure distance is to look at the brightness of exploding stars  – called supernova. These explosions are brighter the closer they are to us. By measuring the brightness it is possible to know how far away they, and the galaxy they live in, are from us.

Using these techniques astronomers have seen galaxies more than 13 billion light years away.

Space telescopes that measure cosmic background radiation, which are the remains of the Big Bang explosion. It is thought to be the outer edge of our Universe and is 13.7 billion light years away.